Acts Study Questions

2001-11-26

The following questions were required by the Acts course I took in Bible college. They deal with the entire book of Acts. Each question is followed by my answer. Mainly left as is from when it was originally written.

Acts 1:1-11

1. What was Jesus doing after his resurrection? What topic was He teaching the disciples? Is this a new topic for Jesus to teach?

Jesus spoke to them ‘things pertaining to the kingdom of God’ (Acts 1:3), which was a major thing He had been teaching people since the beginning of His ministry (see Matthew 4:17). Most importantly, Jesus ‘shewed himself alive after his passion by many infallible proofs.’ Since the disciples were witnesses, this was important to their Gospel presentation on many occasions (Acts 2:32; 3:15; 5:32).

2. What is the promise of the Father, which they also heard from Jesus? Where and to whom did Jesus teach this?

Jesus was talking of the Holy Spirit, the Helper of Luke 24:49. This is where Luke left Theophilus in his former account. In John 15:26, the Spirit is the ‘Comforter’, whom Jesus will leave as a witness preceding His coming. He taught this to the disciples, but by no means is the Holy Spirit limited to just the Twelve, nor was it intended to be (John 17:20ff; Romans 8:9).

3. Was Jesus’ answer to the disciples’ question in Acts 1:6 an affirmation or denial? How does the adversative “but” in Acts 1:8 fit in?

This answer is a denial. It might not be clear when the disciples first hear this from Him. Jesus tells the Eleven that their focus ought to begin in Jerusalem, but then move from Samaria to the end of the earth (Acts 1:8). Jerusalem was later destroyed in A.D. 70, and Israel has not experienced being the independent kingdom with Jesus as its King even to this day. It would be interesting to see the Eleven’s response if Jesus would have said, ‘No, but in a couple thousand years I will return’. Somehow the urgency to spread the Gospel would probably have been lost. Maybe that is the problem in the postmodern 21st Century, especially in comfortable American living. Jesus is saying, do not worry about the time (Matthew 24:36), there are exciting things coming. You will receive the Holy Spirit, and My glory will go to the ends of the earth. Just remain obedient to the cause to which you have been called.

Acts 1:12-26

4. What do you think of the choosing of another apostle? Was it a legitimate thing to do? Was it a mistake? Consider:

-Acts 1:13-14: Who was there and what were they doing before they decided to do this?
-What did they do while making decision? Read Acts 1:24-25.
-What about leaving the decision to “chance” in verse Acts 1:26? Does Proverbs 16:33 effect your answer?
-Why would they feel they needed 12 apostles? Does Luke 22:30 effect your answer?
-What about the Apostle Paul? How might Romans 15:16 and Galatians 2 affect your answer?

This was not a mistake by any means. There were 120 people present (Acts 1:15) and they were all of one purpose and mind (Acts 1:14). Twelve was the number of the tribes of Israel (see especially Matthew 19:28). It seemed good from this to have another take Judas’ place, but not without reason. Using wisdom founded on Scripture, they saw it good to find a replacement for Judas (Acts 1:20). There needed to be a man to become a witness with the Eleven, and he needed to hold specific requirements. He needed to be with them from the beginning from the Baptism of John (Acts 1:22), which disqualifies Paul (whom many see as the legitimate twelfth apostle). The man also needed to be a witness of Jesus’ resurrection. They proposed two based on these qualifications. Joseph called Barsabas, and Matthias, were the ones founded best for the job. ‘Chance’ and ‘mistake’ do not refer to terminology associated with God. They relied on God in prayer (Acts 1:14, 24), and cast lots so that God would communicate to them whom He chose from these men. His decision was always there, because they had prayed, meditated on Scripture, and cast lots by the guidance and oracles of God.

5. What does the choosing of Matthias as the 12th apostle teach you about making decisions in your life?

This is what we need to be doing. Prayer and reading/meditating on/knowing Scripture is how God communicates with us. Naturally, if there are two ways that are equally approved by God’s wisdom, then one also can prayerfully cast lots. There have been many times in my own power I have tried to do things only to fall in my own mistakes.

6. What does Acts 1:16 tell us about the Apostles’ view of the Old Testament?

The view of Peter is one of great awe as he sees that the Old Testament promises are being fulfilled. He said these things within the first ten days since Jesus had left. Imagine the overwhelming emotions that were among the 120 souls that were there. Joy, humility, intensity, and great anticipation could have been some of them. Jesus had come back to set up the Kingdom, and there is a sense of ‘what next?’. This was not like the 400 years of silence from God since the writings of the prophets. God was moving in the world and doing so quickly. Now the Scripture had been fulfilled, in this case with Judas, so what should the brethren do about it? He spoke and acted accordingly.

Acts 2:1-13

7. What can you say about God’s timing in these verses? Why does verse Acts 2:1 mention that it was the “day of Pentecost?” Who was there? Where was the Gospel going to be preached in the succeeding chapters (Acts 1:8)? When have you seen God open doors to people to hear the Gospel?

Pentecost was celebrated 50 days after Passover, and at the Temple the firstfruits of the harvest were offered. Likewise, the Jewish people were the first ones to hear the Gospel (Acts 1:8). God used the incident of the speaking in tongues to show the Jews from many nations the Gospel of Jesus. Jewish people from the many nations mentioned in chapter 2 were there because they were required to be there at Pentecost. Likewise, people hear the Gospel today by many means. A person I knew from earlier days had a website explaining his testimony. He was a computer engineering and mathematics major. He received a message from an atheist at school, saying that he found it amusing that someone of great scientific intelligence would believe in Jesus. Jesus calls many people to be His; even ‘unintelligent’ Galileans can preach the Gospel.

Acts 2:14-36

8. What does Peter use to explain the unique events?

Peter quotes scripture to reinforce that these miraculous things were part of God’s plan. He first quotes Joel 2:28-32 in regards to the sign of the Holy Spirit. From there, he moves to the person of Jesus. Jesus was the one who did many great signs and wonders (see verses Acts 2:19, 22), but also was rejected by the Jews, who handed over to be crucified. This did not foil God’s plan, for the grave could not hold Him (see Acts 2:24, 27). Peter quotes again the Scriptures: Psalm 16:8-11. David was not the Holy One he spoke of; David was prophesying about Jesus. Jesus is from the line of David, just as expected (Acts 2:30). Jesus then ascended to heaven, and Peter again quotes the Scriptures: Psalm 110:1. This is all to the end that Jesus is portrayed as the promised Messiah.

9. From verses Acts 2:22 to his conclusion in Acts 2:36, what does Peter say was the purpose of the miracles and signs (Acts 2:22), the resurrection (Acts 2:24, 30-32), and the ascension (Acts 2:33-35) of Jesus?

Miracles and signs are used to prove the validity of the Gospel and of the Man Jesus. The resurrection and ascension are for the same reason, though there is much more theological truth behind this, which is expounded upon throughout the New Testament (for example 1 Peter 1:3). He tells the Jews that He has shown Himself to be the fulfillment of their great hope: the Messiah.

Acts 2:37-47

10. Does verse Acts 2:38 indicate that one must be baptized by water to be saved? What possible explanation is there here? Does Acts 3:19 help?

The main thrust of the Gospel is to believe in Jesus, and be saved. If water baptism was something needed to be checked off on a list of ‘things to do to be saved’, there is a major problem. This contradicts the simplicity of the Gospel as seen in John (see especially John 3:16, 36), and goes into the realm of false religion based on individual merit-based salvation.

Peter was not telling the men how they might be saved. Believe, and be saved. The Jews were ‘cut to the heart’ in Acts 2:37. They heard, and they began to believe. Salvation comes at this point, though they might not have understood everything yet. Because of this, they knew they had to get serious about Christ. Their own people had just killed the One they had longed for over a period of millennia (Acts 2:23). They wanted to know: ‘what shall we do?’ (Acts 2:37). Repent! Your sins have put Jesus on the cross, yet He has conquered the evil plans that were in their hearts! The command is to repent by changing one’s mind about the severity of sin. If one understands the magnitude of what Jesus did, one should be serious and be committed to change. Baptism: Be baptized! Publicly proclaim that you are associated with this Gospel message! You are the Jews, God’s chosen people, and your Messiah lives. Get serious! Likewise, as seen in Joel’s prophecy, you also will receive the Holy Spirit (Acts 2:17, 38). The Day of the Lord is at hand. Now that you have seen your salvation (justified by belief), show me you are serious (living out the process of salvation by showing you are serious, sanctification). To read more about this issue, click here.

Acts 3:1-26

11. From verse Acts 3:1, what can be inferred about the development of the transition in Peter and John’s minds? (hint: here are they going, and who’s custom was it to pray at that time?)

At this point, Peter and John had seen great acceptance of the Gospel among the Jews. They knew, then, that they could preach among the Jewish people in the Temple in great quantities at the time of day they would be there for prayer (the ninth hour). This is the third time of the day the people would pray. They had to first preach to the Jews (whether they actually had Jesus’ command in Acts 1 in mind or not) before going to the ends of the earth.

12. After carefully reading the account of the healing of the crippled man (verses Acts 3:2-10) who’s “faith” do you think Peter is referring to in verse Acts 3:16? What did this man do to be healed? How is this different from so-called miracles healers of today?

This appears to be the faith of Peter. The lame man seemingly was just pulled into this when Peter commanded his attention and took him by the hand. In verse Acts 3:6, Peter says that ‘Silver and gold have I none; but such as I have give I thee’. He then commands him in the name of Jesus to walk. Nonetheless, this healed man did have faith after this, for he was there praising God afterwards (Acts 3:8). This expression of gratitude and praise does again what the previous miracles had done: it authenticates the message of the Gospel, Jesus Christ Himself and the men who were sent forth by Him (the Apostles) to proclaim it.

13. Who is Peter addressing in his speech of Acts 3:12-26? Jew or Gentile? Israel or the Church?

Men of Israel (Acts 3:12). He speaks to them about God who is the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. In Acts 3:14 and following, you (the Jews present) had killed the Prince and Originator of Life. How did he know they were the ones standing there weeks ago when the Messiah was crucified? He does not necessarily know this. He is speaking to them as a nation. (Remember Matthew 27:25)

14. What are the results of “repentance” in Acts 3:19-23? Are they individual, national or both?

Keeping in mind the former things said, this is a national plea to the people, but also a charge for the individual. The Jews had been responsible for the death of their Messiah (not to excuse Gentiles, but the Jews wanted their own understanding of what the Messiah would be like). If they were to repent, the time of refreshing could come (Acts 3:19-21), and Jesus would return. Through the sons of Abraham, all nations would be blessed (Acts 3:25). This message is also for the individual, however, keeping in mind that any person that would hear the Prophet of Deuteronomy 18 would be destroyed.

Acts 4:1-31

15. What did the rulers find most objectionable about Peter’s speech (Acts 4:1-2)?

The resurrection of the dead was something the Sadducees did not believe in. Therefore, this troubled them. They admitted that what they saw was a notable miracle (Acts 4:16). Nonetheless, because of their unbelief and calloused hearts, they refused to associate this miracle with God. However, one should think that they would have heeded this sign not only because of the sign itself, but also for the fruition of the sign: the people glorified God (Acts 4:21).

16. Even though “filled with the Holy Ghost”, to whom does Peter accredit the miracle (Acts 4:8-12)? His God used this miracle to explain the Gospel to these national leaders?

The Holy Spirit will give credit to whom it is due. The Holy Spirit through Peter clearly says that by the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth the man stands whole before them (Acts 4:10, cf. Acts 3:6). The whole Gospel is also presented to the High Priest’s family, but unlike the response in the Temple and with the first 3000 saved, they did not accept them. They commanded to stop speaking ‘in this name’ (Acts 4:17). Things get difficult from here. This is the first mention of persecution of the saints because of the cause of Christ.

17. After their praise (Acts 4:23-28) exactly what does the group pray for in Acts 4:29-30? Notice how God answers in Acts 4:31 (cf. Acts 4:33). Speculate from this: What might be the purpose of miracles?

Since this was the first major rejection of the Gospel, and that they had known that persecution was going to be inevitable, they needed boldness. They wanted to continue to heal, and do signs and wonders through Jesus. The shaking of the place they were at and the filling of the Spirit was the answer to the prayer; they would be bold (Acts 4:31). The purpose of this miracle is to show that God was still with them, and this is a way He answered their prayer. The purpose of miracles in general is to authenticate this Gospel. I think this is also the purpose of referring to the Old Testament to show how Jesus fulfills prophecy (Acts 4:11; 3:22; 2:25ff; etc.). Jesus is who He claims He is, and they would do anything to prove it to Israel.

Acts 4:32-5:11

18. What sin did Peter specifically focus upon when he rebuked Ananias. Compare Proverbs 6:16-19.

Ananias lied to the Holy Spirit (Acts 5:3-4). Sapphira together with her husband tested the Holy Spirit (Acts 5:9). Ananias was completely in control of doing this scheme and could have chosen not to do so. There were two former accounts that the beginnings of the Church showed a perfect unity (Acts 4:32ff; Acts 2:44-47). This is the first problem that is recorded in the Church community. There is no place for the self in the Church; everything in the Church should be done selflessly for the good of the whole. The hated things listed in Proverbs 6:16-19 are mostly premeditated things, hidden behind a person’s scheming character. This sin is a picture of these things (lying tongue, heart with wicked plans, swift feet that run to evil, false witness, sows discord among brethren). Their lives would have been spared if they had told the truth about keeping some money for themselves. They wanted to keep some money, yet look good among the brethren.

19. What can be said about the Holy Spirit by comparing Acts 5:3 with Acts 5:4?

The Holy Spirit is God and does not want any part of liars and compromisers. He demonstrates His wrath accordingly. Though quick judgment does always happen, this should be taken seriously. God does not want His Church to be filled with hypocrisy to bring about a bad witness to His name. It is interesting to see that the picture of the early church is of little resemblance of the church today. The love and unity of the church is not on the level of those days; it has been replaced by denominations and theologies that seem to hinder us from getting back to these basics that the early church strongly embraced.

20. What principles can you think of regarding complicity in sin after reading about what happened to Sapphira?

There is no place for sin in the temple of the Holy Spirit, the body of believers. It is good to note that blasphemy of the Spirit (which seems to be unbelief and outright denial of the workings of the Spirit) is the ‘unpardonable sin’ (Matthew 12:31-32). I am not suggesting that the husband and wife here are not saved, because we have every reason to believe that they were. At the same time, the same Spirit who manifests to them the workings of God in their lives was rejected by their testing, lying to, and attempting to hide from the Holy Spirit, who dwells in the individual as well as the entire congregation.

Acts 5:12-16

21. Who does Luke say performed signs and wonders, and to whom did people bring the sick? Does this tell us anything about the purpose of such miracles?

The apostles do these wonders. There was fear among the church because of the Ananias and Sapphira incident (Acts 5:11). People, however brought their sick people and those with unclean spirits and they were all healed (Acts 5:16). No other group of people heals in great magnitude like they do (except for Paul at times, like in Asia). This is not to say that others will not do miracles (see Acts 19:11-12; Paul did ‘unusual miracles’ but had no ability to heal his own ‘thorn in the flesh’; see Stephen in Acts 6:8, Philip in Acts 8:5). The miracles are to authenticate the power of the Gospel.

Acts 5:17-42

22. Were Peter and the other apostles rebellious revolutionaries? Can civil disobedience be justified by anyone who makes a claim similar to Peter’s in verse Acts 5:29? Any modern parallels?

It is right to call them revolutionaries in a sense, for their message was far different than the Sadducees had ever heard. They were not in rebellion, however, for they carried out the command of God (Acts 1:8, the Great Commission, which starts in Judah and Jerusalem). Peter said that they ought to obey God rather than men (Acts 5:29), but also this same Peter wrote to submit to all governmental authorities that believers might be found blameless (1 Peter 2:13-17). David had the chance twice to kill his archrival Saul, but did not because he was the Lord’s anointed (1 Samuel 24:6; 26:9). This was not because Saul was a great and just king, because he was not. Nonetheless, one must submit to authorities, be it the governmental authorities, or even the religious leaders (see Paul’s confrontation with the Sanhedrin, Acts 23:1-5). However, what Peter says in Acts 5:29 is good: God is the authority above them all, and to Him we must submit first, and then submit to the authorities because they are there by God’s will. We submit to them because of God.

Acts 6:1-7

23. Describe the character of those 7 chosen to administer over the distribution of food. Did the Apostles consider this a menial task? What might this inform us about our attitude toward this kind of service?

This was not a menial task by any means. These men that were chosen to serve tables were not slouches by any means. They needed to be of good reputation, full of the Spirit and wisdom. Seven men were chosen to do this to fill the need of the widows of the Hellenistic Jews, and this pleased the congregation. The Apostles had enough great responsibility, and could not be detracted from their primary purpose: to be given over to prayer and to the ministry of the word (Acts 6:4). This delegation of power is definitely biblical wisdom (see perhaps Jethro’s advice to Moses in Exodus 18:13-26). The leader or leaders cannot do everything on their own; they need to delegate some of their power to other people. Servanthood is what we are called to be as believers in Jesus (see Jesus’ discussion on servanthood in Matthew 20:25-28). Just as Jesus was our ultimate Servant, we should be like Him, to serve others. This is the inauguration of the office of the deacon. To read more about this, click here.

24. What was the result of this division of responsibility? What might this tell us about organizational order?

Acts 6:7. The word of God spread and the number of disciples multiplied. Many priests were obedient to the faith as well. The apostles could continue their efforts in the gospel as the seven could continue on their own. This kept the church growing at the rate that it was. In the following chapter, an example of faithfulness is made out of one of the seven: Stephen (see Acts 6:8-8:1 but also Acts 6:5). This is a paradigm of effective organization.

Acts 6:8-15

25. How did Stephen respond as he heard the lies and half-truths being told about him? How could he respond this way? (cf. Acts 6:3-5)

We do not see much of a reaction of Stephen, but we do have an indication in Acts 6:15 of Stephen having a face of an angel. I do not know what an angel looks like. An angel, however, has awesome power. One angel of destruction (or is this the Angel of the Lord?) came on Sennacherib’s army and killed 185,000 men (2 Kings 19:35). Therefore, one could say that the power of God was quite evident in him (looking back to what we had formerly known of him in Acts 6:3-5, 8). I get the sense that despite all of this false testimony, he kept his composure very well. The Holy Spirit gives us this power in difficult situations. I have even remembered even in my lifetime where I have experienced such spiritual tension that I can somewhat grasp what this might have looked like, when a Christian friend and I met with a demon-possessed man. Certain boldness came from the Spirit within us to handle the situation.

Acts 7:1-53

26. What in the accusations (Acts 6:8-15) prompts Stephen to recite the history of Israel?

This sermon is a great story of Israel living up to its reputation (Acts 7:51). There are a great number of things in the sermon that should be mentioned to illustrate this. Abram was brought out of Ur of the Chaldees to be brought into a new land. He would eventually receive this as an inheritance, but first his sons would live in bondage for 400 years (Acts 7:6-7). The circumcision was the sign of this covenant and promise of the future (Acts 7:8). In the fourth generation from Abraham, the patriarchs in their jealousy traded Joseph into slavery. This man that they rejected would deliver them later on in the famine (see Acts 7:9 an important theme that Stephen will weave in the following verses). In Egypt, generations later, they were oppressed by Pharaoh king of Egypt (this is also another important theme Stephen will use, see Acts 7:39). When Moses was brought up, the two fighting Israelites rejected Moses, asking, who made him a ruler and a judge (Acts 7:27, 35). This man Moses delivered them from the Egyptians. Once again, Moses said to the Israelites, a Prophet Whom they will hear will be coming (more foreshadowing of Jesus). The next thing he mentions is that the Israelites had turned back toward Egypt to make gods while Moses is receiving the law (Acts 7:39-40). The ordering might be of some consequence: the Prophet is spoken of, and Israel does what is right in their own eyes. Likewise, the Prophet has come already, and they are still doing as they wish. Stephen quotes from Amos about how Israel had been given over to the false gods. In the days of Amos, people gave sacrifices (Amos 5:21-24), and lived luxuriously at righteous people’s expense (see Amos 2:6-8). Stephen then moves on to describing the temple that was given, but God is greater than any Temple that can be made (he is now answering an accusation against him in Acts 6:14). In short, Jacob does not want to grow up. They were the same as Joseph’s brothers, and the fighting Israelites in Egypt, and those that worshipped the golden calf at Sinai, and those of false religiosity and wealth that existed in Amos’ day. Even in later times when Hebrews was written, even the Israelite believers should be much more mature than they were (see Hebrews 5:11-6:3, and also further). Stephen must react to tell these Israelites that they are the same as their fathers that would rather have spiritual bondage than the liberation that God has to offer. This is a plea: isn’t it clear yet, Israel? We’re still waiting for Jacob to grow up today (and in many cases, the Church as well).

27. Whom does Stephen prove to be the ones aligned with those against Moses?

This Synagogue of the Libertines and the Council are just the same as their fathers were, resisting the Holy Spirit. They persecuted the prophets (Acts 7:52), and received the law and did not keep it. Interestingly enough, the Jewish religious leaders thought themselves to be pious and far different from their predecessors, but they were in reality carbon copies of those men who followed nothing but false religion (Acts 7:53).

Acts 7:54-8:3

28. The result of Stephen’s boldness was greater opposition. Should Stephen have remained quiet, or been sarcastic, or somehow placated the Sanhedrin so that he could live another day to proclaim Christ?

I often thought so in previous times, but I think it is better that he remained a strong testimony to the truth about Israel’s track record of stubbornness. History speaks for itself. Stephen is just like the Old Testament prophets here, giving warning to Israel. It is about time Israel heard about what God thought of their religiosity. All those people had to do was listen to Stephen and look up to see Jesus (Acts 7:55-56) and they would have found this to be true, and they could not even do that! The church was scattered in those days, but the testimony of Jesus remains strong. God also used this to accomplish His will. We see the graduation to the next step of the Great Commission (Acts 1:8). The Gospel-preaching in Jerusalem was “step 1” up to this point, and “step 2” was now here, since the church was scattered throughout the regions of Judea and Samaria (see Acts 1:8 and Acts 8:1).

Acts 8:4-8

29. What did Jesus say in Acts 1 that is seen to begin to be worked out in Acts 8:4ff as a result of the persecution of the Jewish Christians in Jerusalem?

The believers were scattered into Judea and Samaria to be a witness there (Acts 1:8; 8:1, 4). Regardless of what can happen, even if it is something terrible such as the martyrdom of Stephen, God will turn these things for the good of accomplishing His will.

30. Who was Philip? Was he an Apostle? What is unique about his work that would require confirming miraculous signs?

Philip is one of the seven, and he will be seen later on a few occasions. He is an apostle in the sense that he was ‘sent out’ to preach. But he was not one of the Twelve; they were listed earlier when they cast lots for Matthias (Acts 1:13, 26). The signs were to bear witness to and confirm the truth of the Gospel of Jesus in Samaria, the land of the half-breeds of Assyrians and Israelites. The new ethnic group called for great signs since the Apostles who had the gifts of great signs (see Acts 5:12-16, those with infirmities were all healed by the Apostles), and the Apostles did not turn aside from their current duties (remember Acts 6:4, and also see Acts 8:1, the Apostles had stayed in Jerusalem). Notice they did not receive the Spirit until the Apostles came to them. On a side note, the Apostles stayed in Jerusalem, and one might think that they were still expecting a great repentance in Jerusalem (see Acts 1:6, and their natural tendency in Acts 3:1). Their line of thinking will be greatly changed in the future verses and chapters.

Acts 8:9-25

31. Peter and John are sent to investigate the events in Samaria. Why didn’t the new converts there receive the Holy Spirit until their arrival? Is this proof of the second blessing of the Holy Spirit today? What Epistle could you turn to for help?

One of the Apostles seemed to be there whenever a new ethnic group received the Holy Spirit, be it the Jews in Acts 2, the Samaritans in Acts 8, and the Gentiles in Acts 10. This is only in the case of the “firstfruit” believers of each ethnic group. This is not the case for today, for all believers have the Holy Spirit, or they are not believers (Romans 8:9). In the dispensational shift of the day, things were different than they are in the midst of the church age.

32. When did Simon the sorcerer become a believer? How does his experience help you to understand your own development in Christ?

The passage clearly says that Simon was a believer (Acts 8:13). He will be in heaven with eternal life when we get there (John 3:16). His reaction to the miracles seems completely normal considering what background he came from. He was a sorcerer, and was held in great esteem of the people (Acts 8:9-11). He probably saw the miracles and the giving of the Spirit as ‘magic’, just like he used to practice, and he wanted to be a part of the giving of the Holy Spirit. Likewise, people that come out of the occult or drugs or anything else traumatic are going to have trouble moving from their old habitual ways of thinking of how the world works to a new Biblical perspective of the world. In the early days of my faith, I had a form of “religious syncretism”, taking the truth and combining it with my own conceptions since I had very primitive Biblical knowledge and understanding. We as people come with our own pasts without Jesus and we are confronted suddenly by Him, just like Saul on the road to Damascus (Acts 9:3-6). Moving to maturity takes time.

Acts 8:26-40

33. What here adds to your understanding why Philip was one chosen in Chapter 6? Does this help explain 1 Timothy 3:8ff?

Philip was chosen to do the task similar to the task of a ‘deacon’ because he was called to ‘serve’ tables (diakonos and diakoneo respectively). He was given the former task to serve the Hellenists’ widows, and there were other things he must do now that the believers in Jerusalem were scattered (Acts 8:1). Perhaps he was tested with smaller tasks, and was proven to be blameless (1 Timothy 3:10). Juxtaposing Philip to the requirements of a deacon in 1 Timothy 3:13, he seemed to have obtained ‘a good standing’ and a ‘great boldness’ that are requisite of being a deacon, and it is good to know that his service did great and mighty things (Acts 8:4-8, 35, and the title he was given in Acts 21:8: the evangelist).

34. Why did the Ethiopian know so much about baptism? Who was he now identifying with?

Headlines: Africa will hear the Gospel. I would venture to say that since the eunuch was reading Scripture without prior knowledge of knowing Philip, he was a Jewish proselyte. Proselytes had to be baptized since they were Gentiles, which established them to be clean from being Gentile and also that they might identify with the message of Jewish religion. The eunuch now identified with the message of the saving Gospel of Jesus (Acts 8:36-37). This message he would have brought back to Ethiopia, and, being one of great influence (Acts 8:27), undoubtedly shared Jesus with many back home. Though the Spirit had not been given to Gentiles because an Apostle had not yet been with them, those days were in the near future from that point (Acts 10-11).

Acts 9:1-9

35. How far was Saul willing to go to stop the Christian movement? Was he satisfied with removing it from Jerusalem?

Any believer Saul would find along the way to Damascus he wanted to bring them bound back to Jerusalem. He fought against them without mercy (Acts 8:1-3; 9:1-2). It is good to mention that when Paul wrote to the Philippians, he talked about the enormous changes he went through (Philippians 3). Everything he used to use as self-validation and had confidence in he counted as loss for Jesus. He was also zealous for these old ways of Judaism so that he persecuted the church (Philippians 3:4-11). All of his religious agendas were diametrically opposed to the will of God, though Saul would have thought otherwise. This suggests how stubborn he was, for whenever he was to see a believer, he went forth to imprison him.

36. Who does the Lord say Saul is ultimately persecuting? What does this tell us about the Lord’s concern and involvement in our suffering today?

Saul is persecuting Jesus. Jesus said this to him in Acts 9:5. It seems reminiscent of what David said of his sin with Bathsheba and when he had Uriah the Hittite killed: “Against thee, thee only, have I sinned, and done this evil in thy sight” (Psalm 51:4). Going against God’s command and rebellion is sin, and sin is what put Jesus on the cross. Also, if His people are persecuted, He is the One ultimately persecuted. The Lord suffered for all that all might be saved. We who believe ought to want to be imitators of this servanthood and suffering for the glory of God. Jesus suffers with us when we suffer, for He is in us and we in Him (see John 17:20-26; Hebrews 12:1ff).

Acts 9:10-19

37. In Acts 9:15 the Lord describes Saul as His “chosen instrument” to do four things. What are they and indicate how these other passages relate:

A. Acts 13:44-48. Witness to the Gentiles. Paul went before the Gentiles to witness to them, and in this passage the Jews rejected the message of eternal life. The message was first to go to the Jews, but then to the Gentiles (Acts 1:8, see later in Romans 1:16). This witness to the Gentiles seems to be the major portion of his ministry, though he always started in the synagogues in the Gentile towns. Paul was a well-learned man in the Scriptures, but also of other cultures, customs and literature (see Paul’s sermon to the Athenians in Acts 17:22-34) that he might effectively communicate the Gospel to all kinds of people that some might be saved (1 Corinthians 9:22).

B. Acts 24:1-10; 25:1-12. Witness to kings. Paul is brought before governors Felix and Festus, and even appeals to Caesar in the latter case. Paul will preach before kings, for this is how God can have a major impact on the world. God had Philip preach to the highly influential eunuch of Ethiopia to bring His message to those people. God did amazing things when Constantine became saved, that the Gospel might spread without hindrance.

C. Acts 9:20; 13:5; Romans 1:16. Witness to the children of Israel. Paul, who trained under the well-known teacher Gamaliel, had great knowledge of the Scriptures. God used his knowledge that Paul might preach in the synagogues before the Jewish people. In Romans 1:16, Paul says this message of salvation is for the Jew first and also for the Greek (see also above in part A).

D. 2 Corinthians 6:3; 11:16-12:10. Preaching the Gospel did result in persecution. He was to remain blameless that his ministry might not lose its credibility (2 Corinthians 6:3). Nevertheless, because of the world’s hatred for light (for example John 1:10-11) he still bore punishment as one who was guilty. (This really puts into perspective how one can be conformed to the image of Christ through suffering. Jesus, the only guiltless Man, suffered the penalty that He ought not. Paul likewise had no offense against anything he was accused of- see for example Acts 25:8). He received 39 lashed 5 times for his servanthood, was stoned and almost died (Acts 14:19), among a great number of other things. His perseverance is a testimony to the greatness of God and His promise in Jesus Christ.

Acts 9:20-31

38. How was Saul able to preach about Jesus so soon after his conversion? Compare Acts 22:3 and Philippians 3:4-6.

Saul was trained in the word since the beginning. He was raised perfectly under the customs and the law of his fathers. He was trained by the best of the best: Gamaliel. He was not a proselyte, but a true-born Jew. Yet he knew the word of God very well, he could use it only in his own power until this point. The Holy Spirit will use what is in the memory of man to glorify God, for He is a Teacher Himself (see for example John 14:26). Saul was just preaching what he already knew, but now with the realization that Jesus was the long awaited Messiah.

Acts 9:32-43

39. List difference between these two miracles performed by Peter and what you know about things being done by “miracle workers” or “healers” today.

The former miracle was the healing of paralysis for Aeneas. Immediately, there are people who believe because of this miracle. The latter miracle was the raising of Tabitha. Peter removed all the people from the room and prayed. In former times, we see that Peter healed many people, for the disciples healed all people without any restraint or trouble (see Acts 5:16). This latter miracle was more than just a healing; it was a resurrection from the dead. Nonetheless, people were saved when they saw the awesome works of the Lord. It was only in recent times that I actually heard of anyone calling themselves a miracle worker or healer. The Twelve were witnesses to the resurrection of the Lord. These other alleged miracle workers of today seem to be entertainers. After these miracles of Peter, there are signs of belief in Jesus. The church does not grow because of these others, because the miracle is the focus, not the risen Lord. All things, whether it is miracles or the preaching or the repentance of new believers, are for the glory of God. Peter was not a miracle worker; he was an Apostle of the Lord Jesus. There is a big difference, and the difference is the focus of the ministry. I do not want to deny that miracles happen today (Mark 16:17-18). The miracles of today are of the same purpose, for God to be glorified.

40. Do you see any significance to Luke’s identification of Simon as “the tanner?” (See also Acts 10:6. Hint: What do tanners do? How would a good Jew feel about this trade? What might this tell us about Peter’s thinking at this point in the transition?)

The tanner deals with dead animal hides, which is not a favorable trade of the Jews. The Jews probably shunned Simon because of his trade, but there is definitely a shift in Peter’s thinking that he was willing to stay there. However, in the following passage, Peter still clings to his view of unclean animals and Gentiles, which have been made clean by God (Acts 10:15). Peter’s thinking will be radically changed when he goes to Cornelius’ house (Acts 10:47).

Acts 10:1-48

41. How does God further prepare Peter to preach the Gospel to Gentiles?

God brings a message to Peter in a vision showing him that what had been unclean in the past was now declared clean. He showed this by the sheet of unclean animals (Acts 10:11). Animals that did not have the divided hoof and also did not chew the cud were unclean (see Leviticus 11:3). He very soon after was to be confronted by Gentiles, so that he might go to Cornelius’ house to preach to him. The message that God brought to Peter was imperative because Peter might not have gone with the men that came for him (see Acts 10:28).

42. How does Peter interpret the vision (Acts 10:34-35)? How does this relate to Acts 1:8?

Peter interprets well, that those who “feareth him [God], and worketh righteousness, is accepted with him” (Acts 10:35). The plain truth is that God will accept Gentiles exactly as they are, and will be saved by grace through faith and receive the Spirit just as the Jews had (Acts 10:47; 11:17-18). This is the logical following of Acts 1:8; the message of salvation will go to the ends of the earth. Gentiles do not need to become proselyte Jews first. They are saved in the same way as the Jews are, by trusting in Jesus.

43. List the things Peter mentions about Jesus as he focuses on the Gospel message in verses Acts 10:36-43.

• He is Lord of all (Acts 10:36)
• He was anointed by God with the Holy Spirit and with power (Acts 10:38)
• Did good by healing those oppressed of the devil (Acts 10:38)
• God was with Him (Acts 10:38)
• Was killed by the Jews by being hung on a tree (Acts 10:39)
• Was raised on the third day and was shown openly to witnesses (Acts 10:40-41)
• Commanded to preach that He was ordained to be the judge of the living and the dead (Acts 10:42)
• As witnessed to by the prophets, those who believe in Him will receive the remission of sins (Acts 10:43)

Acts 11:1-18

44. What purpose can be derived from this passage for the speaking in tongues by the Gentiles in Acts 10:44-46?

These people were saved in the same fashion as the Jews were. As in the former time, where speaking in tongues happened among the first Jewish brethren, the first of the Gentiles that Peter preached to spoke in tongues. A representative of the Twelve had to be present for this milestone in history to occur: that the Gentiles could be saved even as they were. This at first caused the Jewish folk in Acts 11:18 to be silent at first, but they naturally had to glorify God: who were they that they ‘could withstand God’ (Acts 11:17)? Though tongues are a sign for unbelievers (1 Corinthians 14:22), there is also a milestone for the dispensational shift that occurred in those days.

Acts 11:19-30

45. What can you say about the transition from this passage? Why was Barnabas sent to Antioch? Was he an Apostle? How does this compare with the previous section (Acts 9:32-11:18)?

During this time while Cornelius’ household believed, there is also a shift in the focus of the ministry around the world. The Jews were the original focus of the ministry (Acts 11:19), but many Hellenists believed (Acts 11:21). They sent out Barnabas there to encourage them to continue in the faith of Jesus (Acts 11:23). Barnabas was an apostle in the meaning that he was sent out, but not one because he was not with Jesus in His ministry and resurrection (remember Acts 1). He lived up to his very name, the son of encouragement (Acts 4:36-37), and that is why he was the one sent. His message: to continue in the Lord. These were the days of the shift from Jewish witness of the living God to a group of Jewish and Gentile peoples that are God’s chosen witnesses.

46. Was Agabus a true prophet? Are there prophets in the church today? Why or why not?

Agabus seems to have foresight from the Holy Spirit. He saw that there would be famine in the land, and acts appropriately. This is probably the same prophet as in Acts 21:10, who foresaw that Paul would be bound once he went to Jerusalem. He seems to be a true prophet. The Old Testament prophets did have the authority to speak from God because He spoke with them. Did they know everything about what God had in store for them? No, I do not think so. They all served their purpose to prophecy of the things revealed to them. I will give an example: I would say that David was a prophet since he had foresight to know about the Messiah that would come from His body. Yet, did he not also need the prophet Nathan’s advice in the days of his sin (2 Samuel 12, also see 2 Samuel 7 for Davidic Covenant)? I would even go as far to say that believers in a way are all prophets because they have certain knowledge of God’s plan for the future of His creation that the average person does not have, especially since the closing of the New Testament canon (cf. Revelation 22:18-19). I am not willing to say that God cut off all supernatural contact with us as people after the first century. I do believe also that through prayer God has shown us His will in certain things, giving us such foresight. Let me elaborate: There was a time there when there was a sick one in our congregation, and we prayed for healing. But there came a point when we saw God’s will that she would not be healed, so our focus changed in our prayers by the conviction of the Spirit that she might be comforted until she went home. This type of foresight is possible. We cannot assign a date to the coming of the Lord, or prophesy the rising and falling of regimes in specific details like Old Testament prophets. There are differences, and I could go on in speculation, but the case is that God is working out His perfect plan, and as far as prophecy is concerned, we know everything we need to know in this age of revelation.

Acts 12:6-19

47. What personal application can you make about these believers praying and Peter’s miraculous release from prison?

It is interesting to see the response of the people when they heard Rhoda’s reaction to seeing Peter. They did not believe it. If we pray, but do not believe that God can answer prayer, then why do we pray? I think that in my own life I have the same problem. Many prayers have been answered lately, yet somehow I am actually surprised! God does answer prayer, and we need to be praying and believing that He will answer.

Acts 12:20-25

48. With the famine (Acts 11:28 and implied in Acts 12:20), the arrests, and the intensified persecution, what do you think the believers living in Jerusalem continued to do? What New Testament book was likely written around this time to them?

The believers in those days might have been looking back and saw that, before their conversion, their lives were better. They might have lost their families and businesses, and they were the subjects of persecution. James was written in this time to write to them that practical faith can save them and demonstrate the power of the Gospel. They were told they were to count it all joy when they face persecution (James 1:2-3). This was anything but what they were experiencing in those days.

Acts 13:1-5

49. Where did Paul and Barnabas first go to “proclaim the word of God” when they first arrived at Salamis on Cyprus? Why do you think they did this (cf. Acts 13:46)? What does this say about God?

They preached the word in the synagogues first. This would make sense, because there the true and living God was taught to His people. This also corresponds with the message Jesus left with the Twelve in Acts 1, that the message is to go to the Jews first. However, the Jewish people opposed the teaching of Jesus where it was taught most often. God has a plan for His people, but since they were not accepting it, the dispensational shift was in effect where the church would emerge. It is amazing that this happened. I personally try to figure out why Jewish people rejected Him in such a vast majority. The Gentiles, who were given over to false gods in man’s image (see Romans 1:18ff), are accepting this message seemingly more. This is true today, I think. I guess since the Gentiles had been on the outside of God’s plans for millennia they are more quickly to accept forgiveness for their idolatry (cf. Luke 7:47). If the Hebrews, who had the law and were tutored by it, they probably thought that they were still in good standing before God compared to the nations who were in complete darkness. I think of Matthew 9:13 I guess: that people that do not think themselves as in darkness are not going to repent. It is those who know they are sinners that are going to be broken by the Spirit of God and His message. But the people apparently did not realize that the law was not to be used as an instrument to measure their own righteousness, but to expose their sin (Romans 3:20).

Acts 13:6-12

50. Notice Paul’s preaching gave him an audience with the Roman Proconsul of Cyprus. What were the contributing factors of his conversion? What do you think was the major influence? Do Paul’s words in Romans 1:16 help?

The power of this message left the deputy Sergius Paulus with no other choice. He saw the power of the message and its truth that he believed. Bar-Jesus the sorcerer withstood God’s message, and was punished. The combination of the sign itself, and also that the man of evil intentions was punished for his sin. This is good reason enough not to argue the Gospel. The Gospel is definitely the power of God to salvation for everyone who believes (Romans 1:16). One must either believe, or do as the Pharisees do, attribute these works to Satan (Matthew 12:24), which is the stone-solid heart that is set in its own way of pride.

Acts 13:13-52

51. Reading verses Acts 13:22-23, how do you think Paul knew that Jesus was a descendant of David, as God promised the Messiah would be in 2 Samuel 7:11ff?

If Paul knew Jesus was the Messiah, then he knew that He had to be from the line of David. This is known by the Davidic covenant, and it is also apparent in Genesis 49:10 where the scepter (a symbol of authority) shall not depart from Judah. God promised in this eternal covenant that this House of David would last forever (2 Samuel 7:16).

52. Notice the responsibility God gave Israel in Acts 13:47. Who now has this kind of representative responsibility? Compare Matthew 21:43-44, and Romans 11:11-21.

Israel was supposed to be the light to the Gentiles that they too might know God. The wisdom brought people from all the earth just to hear his wisdom that came from God (1 Kings 10:24). Nonetheless, most of the time Israel was disobedient to the Lord, from the early days as they were leaving Egypt (Exodus 15:24 among others), to the early days as they settled in the land (Judges 2:11 among others). In the days of the divided kingdom, the Israelites’ northern tribes had an idolatrous king, one after another, that led them to Baal worship, as well as many of the kings of Judah who did likewise. They did everything but be a witness to the living God. When Jesus came, this position to be God’s witnesses on Earth was taken away from them to a nation that would bring forth fruits bearing witness to the Kingdom of God (Matthew 21:43). This nation is really people from many different nations that are mostly Gentiles. The Jewish nation then have a jealousy for these Gentiles that have eternal life, and this witness by the church will bring eventually the repentance of Israel.

53. Who mostly lived in this region, Jew or Gentile? Which had the greatest response to the Word of God at Pisidian Antioch? Who stirred up opposition against Paul and Barnabas?

According to the passage, there seems to be a majority of Gentiles. The Gentiles accepted the message on the first Sabbath with joy as well as some of the Jews and proselytes (Acts 13:42-43). The Gentiles begged for them to return the following Sabbath. The next week most of the city was there (Acts 13:44). The Jews, then, were jealous at the turnouts (Acts 13:45) and opposed the words of Paul. There they stirred up the prominent women and chief men that they might go against Paul and Barnabas, and did so successfully that they might be driven from the town (Acts 13:50).

Acts 14:1-28

54. What does Acts 14:3 say about the purpose of the miracles?

Many people believed in Acts 14:1, but the unbelievers stirred up the Gentiles there. God then allowed miracles to be done to show the superiority of the Gospel message to the lies of the others. Nonetheless, signs did not cause repentance among the unbelievers, for the group was still divided between the truth in the Gospel and unbelief (Acts 14:4).

55. How long had the churches in these cities been established before Paul and Barnabas appointed elders for them (Acts 14:23). Note the preposition (kata = according to). How does it relate to the number of elders for a church?

The period of time could have been long enough. They were eventually expelled from these cities, but they had stayed in Iconium a long time (Acts 14:3). There had to be some worthy of being elders, as Paul had particular guidelines on who should be an elder (1 Timothy 3:1-7; Titus 1:5-16; ‘bishop’). ‘Kata’ as used here, and seems to be used as the word ‘in’ in the sentence, saying that there were elders appointed in each of the churches. As far as numbers are concerned, there is no number given. From what I understand, there were at least two for each, because the word is plural, and that there were elders in every church. Depending on the sizes, which there seemed to be a good number in Antioch and Iconium, there might need to be more than this.

Acts 15:1-5

56. What was the issue at the Jerusalem Council? Why was this issue already on Paul’s mind?

The issue was over circumcision, because some had said that this was a prerequisite for salvation. This was a contradiction as what was already known about the Gentiles being saved, starting in Acts 10:44 and seeing Paul’s and Barnabas’ ministry in the Gentile regions. Likewise, they knew that the Gentiles were saved by trusting in Christ, just as the Jews were, without circumcision being an issue (cf. Acts 15:7-11). Paul from his own ministry had known that Gentiles believed and were saved without being circumcised.

57. What was the background of those who promoted this requirement?

Those who had brought up the issue were those who were Jews and also some believing Pharisees (Acts 15:1; and the Pharisees at Jerusalem, Acts 15:5). It would make sense because they had come out of a strict background, and it would be hard to let go of these things.

Acts 15:6-35

58. How did Peter know that the Holy Spirit had been given to Gentiles? (cf. Acts 10:44-46 for instance) Comment on this in light of the transitional nature of Acts.

The Gentiles that first believed showed that they had the Spirit by speaking in tongues (Acts 10:46). The Gentiles also seemed to be growing in numbers in the church faster than the Jewish people were. The Jews in Paul’s ministry often seemed to be thorns in the growing of the church (Acts 13:45; 14:2, 19; See also the discussion in question 49). The Jewish people seemingly have been put aside on the Spiritual front as the church abounds with new believers in many nations today. The Jews will find Jesus mainly during those times when the 70th week of Daniel comes, where the main witness to Jesus will be the 144,000 from the twelve tribes of Israel (Revelation 7:5-8). As there seem to be many Jewish people across the nations today, not many seem to be believers.

59. In light of this important meeting, what can be said about the purpose of miracles and signs mentioned in Acts 15:12?

Once again, as in many times in the previous sections, the miracles magnify the message of the Gospel. There was no circumcision in this Gospel, and nonetheless, people were being added to the church all the time. The Gospel message itself that one must believe on Jesus to inherit eternal life is not changed, but it is still the power of God to salvation for everyone who believes (Romans 1:16).

60. Notice that circumcision was NOT mentioned in Acts 15:19-21. Why was circumcision such a big issue? (cf. Genesis 17:9-14; Leviticus 12:3)

Circumcision was an issue because the Jewish males that were not circumcised were to be cut off from their people (Genesis 17:14). This was an outward sign saying that this male child was a part of the promise of Abraham and his covenant. This covenant of God gave the promise of multiplied descendents and the land he would inherit. It was eternal, and it was for the sons of Abraham and the stranger and servant among them (Genesis 17:12). This sign was also in the law (Leviticus 12:3). The main condition, first, was the heart. If one is physically circumcised, but did not believe God’s promise, what was the purpose (cf. Jeremiah 9:25-26)? It is also worthy to note that in any of the passages of circumcision in these passages, there is nothing saying, ‘circumcise your children on the eighth day, so that you may enter heaven.’ Eternal salvation is not even mentioned in any of these passages, this was an issue of obedience that they might share in the blessing of Abraham. Obedience=blessing, disobedience=cursing (Deuteronomy 28:1-68; John 15:9; among many others in all dispensations). Circumcision has never been in the equation of personal salvation.

61. Comment on the requirements all agreed upon to place on the Gentiles:

- Notice the contrast from Acts 15:19-20.

They should not trouble them with anything, but with some certain things that are problems among typical Gentiles in Jewish eyes. The law was never given to the Gentiles, and the intricate detail that it entails would be a stumbling block to them, especially since eternal salvation does not require doing the things written in it.

- What is “sexual immorality?”

Sexual immorality is referring to ‘fornication’. The kinds of things they might have had in mind were sexual sins that were involved with pagan god worship. This was a major problem in the Gentile lands. Now these things, therefore also could be a form of synecdoche, where such sexual sins are a smaller picture of just the whole process of spiritual fornication. One must think of Gomer, the wife of Hosea that God used to communicate clearly what Israel was doing in their spiritual harlotry (Hosea 1:1-2, and so throughout). See continuing argument in the next bullet.

- What are the other things imposed?

Remember 1 Corinthians 8, and also see the last two points. These Gentiles were to stay away from things polluted by idols, things strangled, and from blood. These things were either outright pagan sacrifice, or methods of sacrifice that were contrary to Levitical sacrifice. Blood was not to be eaten by any of the sons of Noah (Genesis 9:4), and this is naturally apart of the law as well. The life is in the blood, as it says, and the life that which was given in place of the sinner’s life. See also Hebrews 9:22. The main purpose to abstain from these things is to keep Jewish believers from stumbling (1 Corinthians 8).

- How does Acts 15:21 help explain why they are writing this to the Gentiles?

These things were requested of the Gentiles because these were things that would be stumbling blocks to those who knew the teaching of the law throughout the lands. If believers are going to be closely involved within the affairs of pagan life, then this might cause dissention in the church, causing the church to be out of fellowship with God. If they are not walking with the Lord, then how can they be the ‘salt of the earth’? This is independent of the personal salvation of the individuals. See also 2 Corinthians 6:14; Leviticus 19:2. The latter is Israel-specific, but we can get an application for ourselves from this as God’s people.

- Comment on the response from “the people” in Antioch in Acts 15:31.

They rejoiced over the letter’s encouragement. They did not have to go through ceremonial religion in order to be accepted by God. This is a good thing, because works-religion, in the mindset that we can please God by our works, stems from no other thing but pride. We cannot please God apart from having faith (see Hebrews 11:6), through Jesus our substitute with whom God was well pleased (Luke 3:22 among many).

Acts 15:36-41

62. What about Barnabas helps us understand why he was willing to give Mark another chance (cf. Acts 4:36; 9:26-27; 11:23). What does Paul’s viewpoint tell us about Paul?

Barnabas and John Mark were relatives (Colossians 4:10). Barnabas, known as the Son of Consolation (Acts 4:36), would be quick to forgive and encourage him to minister with them. He also showed the doubting disciples that Paul was a genuine convert for the Lord Jesus. In Acts 11:23, he encouraged the new believing Hellenists at Antioch. Paul does not seem to be willing to make such a move that they might be let down by John Mark again. The ministry was the most important focus for Paul, as the actual individual ministers seemed to have greater importance in the eyes of Barnabas than Paul. Paul, as he grew with his walk with the Lord, also later gave Mark a second chance (2 Timothy 4:11).

Acts 16:1-10

63. After the major dispute and council in Jerusalem (Acts 15) why would Paul circumcise Timothy? Is he being hypocritical or is there a different issue involved?

This was a logical move because Timothy was half-Jewish. The Jewish signature of their outward ceremonial law was circumcision, and if they found this man was half-Jewish and not circumcised, the message of what he had to say would be diminished. By being half-Jewish who walked in their customs, a cultural barrier would be overcome. Since he had both family members from different background, his circumcision showed which culture he associated with (see Acts 16:3).

64. What can be said about the Lord’s guidance and direction of our lives from Paul being prevented from going down to Asia or up to Bythinia? Were there needs in Asia or Bythinia?

The Lord had left the apostles with the message that they would go into all the world (Matthew 28:19; Acts 1:8). This included Europe on the other side of the Aegean Sea. Philippi was in Macedonia, north of Greece. Much of the territories of Asia Minor have heard the Gospel, and some others will hear later. This is the next step in the Great Commission. God would not forget Asia however, as Paul would preach throughout in Acts 19:10. Considering the span of the unreached world, thousands of languages and tribes to this day still have never heard the Gospel. We are still pressing outward as we follow the Spirit of God just as they did in Acts 16:6-7. Nonetheless, through the Spirit of God we still hear the commands of the Lord Jesus: Matthew 28:18-20; Psalm 96:1-3. Eastern Europe, beginning in Greece and Macedonia, will receive the Gospel at this point.

Acts 16:11-15

65. With whom did the church in Philippi start? How did Lydia demonstrate her conversion?

Paul, Silas, and perhaps Timothy, and Luke at least were there, as reading from the previous passages and the shift to the use of the pronoun ‘we’ from ‘they’. The first believer seems to be Lydia from Thyatira. Her household was also baptized. She was already a worshipper of God, and heard the others praying by the riverside. This seems to peak her interest, and she readily accepts the message and invites the missionaries to her home.

66. Does the statement of the demon in the slave girl seem offensive? Why did Paul get so agitated? Notice the same response by Jesus in Luke 4:24, 41; 8:28. Explain.

Demons have no choice but to observe who Jesus is and the message of His Gospel (See also James 2:19). Paul, seeing that this fortune-telling demon was witnessing about the Lord, would anger him because he does not want this to be an obstacle for those who had not yet believed. It seems this would go along with the reason of circumcising Timothy and the letter to the Gentiles from Jerusalem. The Gospel has enough enemies already, and anything that will reduce barriers from the message to be spread is good. Therefore, Paul did well by casting out this demon.

Acts 16:16-40

67. In three words state the message of salvation.

Believe in Jesus.

68. What was the response of the jailer once he believed?

He washed the stripes of Paul and Silas, and he and his family were baptized. He also gave them food. Baptism was the outward expression that he identified with the word of the Lord and His Gospel (see Acts 16:31-32). He also rejoiced. His emotion moved from despair in Acts 16:27 to rejoicing, a complete change (Acts 16:34).

Acts 17:1-15

69. What two things did Paul emphasize in the synagogue when he explained that Jesus was the Christ?

The Christ had to suffer and rise again. He could have used a number of Scriptures, and Isaiah 53 and Daniel 9:26 come to mind. Some of the people of the synagogue were persuaded with many devout Greeks and leading women. The envious Jews, as was accustomed in the past, stirred up the city against them and came to Jason’s house, which had housed brethren. The sacrifice and resurrection of Jesus was not what they wanted from the Messiah, but for Him to end Roman oppression.

70. When presenting their accusations before the officials, what about Jesus did the opposing Jews emphasize?

They emphasized that He was a king (Acts 17:7). The Christ (Messiah) had to be a king by definition, and they knew this. All of the anointed kings of their ancestry were messiahs from Saul to Zedekiah (anointed ones by God). Unless their Messiah comes and takes away their Roman king, they would never see any other king. It is interesting to see this in the Jews: when Jesus marched into Jerusalem (Matthew 21), they said Hosanna to the Son of David, meaning save now. They meant save now from Roman occupation. Now back in Acts 17, because this Jesus would not do that, they showed scorn for the Gospel message, and also, because Paul and Silas had ‘stolen the show’ with their message (Acts 17:5). Now they also took this event and made an opportunity to pay lip service of praise to these rulers that they hate, that they might find favor with them. After this, their competition for teaching would end.

Acts 17:10-34

71. What two things made the Bereans “more noble?” Could this be a pattern of nobility for us?

“They received the word with all readiness of mind, and searched the scriptures daily, whether those things were so” (Acts 17:11). They would not be shaken either way by the Gospel. They would not callous their hearts to it, nor accept it blindly. They wanted to see if what Paul said about Jesus was true. This nobility is something that sometimes we lack greatly. There are plenty of times where I felt that I have had a bunch of theology dumped in my lap and wonder what I am supposed to do with it. What does the Bible say? It is imperative that we search the Scriptures and seek what God has to say to us, and not read in traditions and theologies that are simply not there.

72. What word describes the attitude of the Athenians (cf. Acts 17:21 and Acts 17:32). Who in our society has this kind of attitude?

They are Philosophers. They discuss new things amongst themselves, and they were sophisticated in their thought. With this in mind, they became interested in what he was trying to say to them (Acts 17:19-20). They also are set in their ways about certain things, which is exhibited by their response in Acts 17:32. This discussion continues in question 74. Today’s society in the same way is interested in philosophy. Many people with human wisdom try to reason out their purpose and being, apart from the living God.

73. Notice: These are not Jews in a synagogue setting. What does Paul start with in his speech to these Gentile philosophers? With what does he end?

First, Paul did start with the synagogues, in which Luke says very little (Acts 17:17). Paul experienced a major problem with the philosophers and idolaters that are very different from the Jews. He needs to first bridge the cultural gap by starting with something in which they are familiar (the altar of the unknown God, Acts 17:23). In their society (and I even have had to do this in our culture), Paul had to define who God is, and he starts with creation. Since there are so many gods, our God is the living God that has created the entire world and in Him everything has its being (cf. Revelation 4:11). An idol, then, seems rather ridiculous because God is not of creation, but One Who has created (Acts 17:24-25). He continues speaking to them that all men came from God, and quoted a Greek poet to keep them seeing the relevance of this message to them. He then can move to the Gospel presentation since God has been defined. First, they should have known by this time that what they had been doing by worshipping idols was wrong in God’s sight. This is because God is not like the created idols they had worshipped. He speaks then of Jesus who overcame death to be judge over all men. This assurance reaffirms that this Jesus is the One whom God ordained. However, when they heard about the resurrection, they mocked (Acts 17:31-32). Resurrection is not going to make sense to a people who typically think that the flesh is evil. This did not stop some from believing, however (Acts 17:34).

74. What was the response to Paul’s message in Athens? Was there a church formed in Athens?

They had scoffed at the message because of the message of the resurrection (see above discussion). Though there is no indication that a church was formed, there were some believers that resulted from Paul’s speech to the Athenians (Acts 17:34). However, it does indicate that Paul did leave after these things with no indication of anything else happening in Athens (Acts 18:1).

Acts 18:1-11

75. Why did Paul stop making tents after Silas and Timothy rejoined him from Macedonia? Does 2 Corinthians 11:7-9 help?

Silas and Timothy brought money from Macedonia with them. He did not take any money from the Corinthians for whatever reason. The focus was, perhaps, completely on ministry. He apparently had to work until he could get money from Silas and Timothy.

Acts 18:12-17

76. How does Gallio, the civil authority in Corinth, view Christianity? What does he think it is a part of?

He seems to think this is something that should be worked out within the synagogue, for it is a question within Judaism itself (Acts 18:15). These things were no threat to his civil authority nor to the law of the land, so this issue was not of interest to him.

77. Why would they turn against Sosthenes, the (new) leader of the synagogue? From 1 Corinthians 1:1 what might have happened to Sosthenes after this?

Sosthenes would be the representative of the entire synagogue, and he was the loser of this case before Gallio. With the former non-reverent attitude that was presented for the Jews and their law, this might be a natural reaction to the people there in Corinth. Gallio does not see this as injustice, but turns the other way (Acts 18:17). This could have been a normal stance taken against the loser in each civil case. Sosthenes must have been saved by the time the first letter to the Corinthians was written (1 Corinthians 1:1).

Acts 18:18-28

78. What Roman Province is Ephesus in? Speculate why God prevented Paul from going there back in Acts 16:6.

Ephesus is in Asia Minor, sometimes just referred to as Asia (Revelation 1:4). This church was seemingly established by Aquila and Priscilla, and not by Paul. These things were to be held off so that they could start the church, and that they might interact with Apollos (Acts 18:26). He was a mighty man of the Scriptures who had yet to hear the entire Gospel. Paul would later go back, and all of Asia would hear the Gospel (Acts 19:10).

79. In Acts 18:23 Paul begins his third missionary journey. What route does he take? Where does he first visit?

If this verse is the official beginning, his first stop was in Galatia, and then Phrygia. The former is in the area that is considered in more eastern Turkey (Asia Minor), and the latter more in the west in Turkey. From here, he pressed westward to Ephesus.

Acts 19:1-10

80. What didn’t the “twelve men” know about this new Age coming into its own in this book? Historically, with whom did their knowledge stop?

Their knowledge stopped with John’s baptism. They knew that road had been opened for the Messiah to come, but they did now know anything else (Malachi 3:1; cf. Malachi 4:5). They knew nothing of the church and how it had been growing. They spoke in tongues (one of three known occasions in Acts) and prophesied.

81. Should we lay our hands on new believers today for them to receive the Holy Spirit? Draw some conclusions by comparing Acts 2:3-4; 6:1-6; 8:17; 10:44-45 with this passage.

The laying on of hands did not occur in all of these situations. In Acts 2:3-4, we see no such thing as the first men receive the Holy Spirit. In Acts 6:1-6, they already had been believers; they were just anointed to serve tables. In Acts 8:17, the laying on of hands here was called for, because the believers’ circle had just expanded from Jews to Samaritans. They needed to have Apostles present. When the Gentiles were brought into this circle in Acts 10:44-45, they were quite ready to hear the Gospel; there was no time for any hands to be laid on. They began speaking in tongues while Peter was still speaking (Acts 10:44). Today the answer is no, it is not necessary. Can we lay our hands on new believers, and pray over them, yes. When they believe in these days they will already have the Holy Spirit (remember Romans 8:9).

Acts 19:11-22

82. While in Ephesus God did great miracles through Paul. What happened when some Jews tried to imitate God’s power?

The demon attacked these men, stating that they knew of Jesus and even of Paul. He attacked these men so that they became naked and wounded (Acts 19:16). Nonetheless, this fiasco turned out for God’s glory as the name of Jesus was spread and people turned from their witchcraft and idolatry (Acts 19:18-19).

83. From Acts 19:17-20 can you state a purpose for the miracles? Is this consistent with other places in Acts where miracles were performed?

The miracles were for God’s glory. In former times, it was to validate the message of Paul, and this place is no different. All of these things will always turn back to radiate the glory of God to people in darkness. The healing, the miracles, the preaching, the good works, the teaching, the exorcisms, the repentance, the singing of hymns... all of these things are done for the glory of God, just as we should do everything to glorify God (1 Corinthians 10:31).

Acts 19:23-20:6

84. What kind of affect did Paul have in Ephesus? Although opposed to Paul, did Demetrius understand Paul’s message? What does this tell us about the Gospel and faith?

Religion was a business to him. Paul was the enemy not because of the Gospel itself, but because profits were down since many people had repented from their idolatries in the area starting in Acts 19:18-19. Paul had an effect in all of Asia (Acts 19:26), and idol making obviously suffered. The Gospel, often times, is heard, but not listened to. This happens all the time today. How many people have gone to church, even continuously go to church, and yet do not believe in Jesus?

85. What city did Paul likely stay in while in Greece for 3 months?

He probably stayed in Corinth. Formerly he had written to them on the basis of rising sin and carnality in 1 Corinthians. Prior to going there, he also had written them 2 Corinthians as well.

86. What letter did Paul likely write during this time? Does Romans 15:23-29 help (cf. 1 Corinthians 16:1-4; 2 Corinthians 8:10-15 regarding the sequence of events).

Paul wrote Romans at this time. He had been returning to places he had already been for a collection of the saints. In Acts 21, Paul went to Jerusalem as he wrote in Romans 15:25. In 1 Corinthians 16:1-4, he promised to come and take the collection, but that it might be prepared already. In 2 Corinthians 8:10-15, he encouraged them to continue in the way they were. Paul then went to them following this letter. Paul, after he went to Jerusalem, went to Rome, though he goes by there after he is tried and has appealed to Caesar (Acts 25:11). His original plan was to visit Rome on the way to Spain (Romans 15:24).

Acts 20:7-38

87. Is there any significance assigned to the fact that Paul met with the disciples in Troas “upon the first day of the week?” Look back at Acts 20:6. Does that indicate anything?

This was the day in which Christian worship became instituted. Jesus was raised on Sunday (Luke 24:1ff). The Sabbath was a day of rest (Exodus 20:8), and is the model of the completion of creation, since God created the world in six days and rested on the seventh (Genesis 2:1-3). Now that Christ was the firstborn over all creation (Colossians 1:15) and in Him we are new creations, therefore the first day of the week could also be symbolic as we are the beginning of a new creation. This might be a big stretch, and quite possibly none of these things might be answering this question properly. If they left immediately after the Festival of Unleavened Bread, this would also be on the first day of the week. The Passover would begin on the Sabbath (cf. Leviticus 23:5). Then the Festival would begin thereafter (first day of the week), and last for seven days (end on the Sabbath). Five days later, Luke and his party joined Paul’s party in Troas, and stayed seven days.

88. Considering the warnings Paul received (also in Acts 21:10-14), was he stubborn against the will of God by returning to Jerusalem?

In Acts 20:23, he tells the Ephesians that the Spirit testifies that tribulation waits for Paul everywhere. Agabus reinforces this truth in Acts 21:10ff. This is not Paul’s stubbornness, because he even said himself that “none of these things move” him (Acts 20:24). He was eager to go to Jerusalem (Acts 20:16 and also see former discussion question 86), and He will do God’s will regardless of cost. He knows of God’s sovereignty, and no tribulation or anything else will hinder God’s will.

89. How long did Paul stay at Ephesus before? (Acts 19:10; 20:31)? About what did he warn the Ephesian elders? What happened in the city as a result of Paul’s preaching and confirming miracles (look back at Acts 19:10-20)? From 1 Timothy 1:3ff what happened after he left? Based on this, what do you think is their “first love” said to be lost in Revelation 2:1-7?

Paul had stayed there for three years, so there was great time for instruction. For two of these years he had withdrawn here and there to reason in the school of Tyrannus. He warned them constantly that there are going to be false teachers that speak perverse things (Acts 20:29-31), which apparently happened after his leaving a little bit (1 Timothy 1:6-7). There had been great repentance in the city because of Paul’s miracles and teachings (Acts 19:17-20) in prior times. At the end of the first century, they apparently had done rather well in battling apostasy in their church (Revelation 2:2, 6). In battling apostasy, they might have lost sight of the Lord in this case. Their first love would be Jesus. This might not be good reasoning within the context. In Revelation 2:3, John pens Jesus’ words writing that the Ephesians had persevered and had patience, and that they have labored for His name’s sake and have not become weary. Perhaps their zealous behavior against apostasy had become mechanical and the true focus and worship of Jesus was lost. Perhaps it is not clear within the context, but I must remember in the process Deuteronomy 6:5 in light of Matthew 22:37, and its offspring in Leviticus 19:18 in Matthew 22:39. The latter commandment is seen in a new light in John 13:34. If this commandment is obeyed, then they will ‘love’ God and He will manifest Himself to them (John 14:21). This is reminiscent of Deuteronomy 28. As I wrote before: obedience brings blessing, and disobedience, cursing. This is a corollary application of something that applied to Israel. If they did not obey God’s commands, this of course would not affect their individual salvation, but they would see God’s cursing, which would be manifested in Revelation 2:5, the taking away of the church lampstand. From these things I must rest in the fact that their hearts should be after the heart of Jesus, and since this love was lacking, the love for others also probably was not healthy either (cf. Acts 20:35).

Acts 21:1-16

90. After landing at Tyre, how long did Paul stay with the disciples? How long did he stay at Ptolemais? How long at Caesarea? Does this tell us about any commonalty Paul had with Philip?

He stayed with the disciples seven days. He stayed at Ptolemais one day. He stayed at Caesarea in the house of Philip the evangelist, of the seven, for many days. Philip was called the ‘evangelist’ (Acts 21:8), because of his former qualities (Acts 6:3, see also Acts 8:26ff). Since Paul had done many things among the Gentiles so that even all of Asia had heard the Gospel (Acts 19:10), there was much for them in common.

Acts 21:17-26

91. What explanation(s) can you give for Paul’s decision to join with the men who had taken the vow?

The Jews in their lack of understanding believed that Paul was teaching the dispersed Jews not to follow the law (Acts 21:21). This was a distortion of the truth. He did this purification/took a vow for the Jews who wanted to seize him. Just as he had Timothy circumcised, Paul also did these things to appease the Jewish people and connect with them (see Acts 16:3). Since he was a man who had dealt with many ‘unclean’ Gentiles, purification before entering the Temple was logical as well.

Acts 21:27-22:29

92. What was the home or background of the Jews who began to once again stir up trouble? What did Paul say which caused them to interrupt in Acts 22:22?

These Jews that laid hands on him were from Asia, where great wonders had happened at the hands of Paul (Acts 19:10-20). Since his ministry had been ordained by God for him to go to the Gentiles, they were angered. If Gentiles were to be considered by God at all, in their minds, they would have to become Jewish proselytes first. This was a great struggle for even the believers to accept at first (remember Acts 10-11, even Peter’s vision). These Jewish folk would have no parts of this. As the Athenians found the resurrection a stumbling block, these Jewish people found the inclusion of Gentiles a stumbling block.

Acts 22:30-23:35

93. Why was Paul again confined by the Roman Commander? What crime has Paul been charged with to get the government involved?

At this point, the commander kept Paul for the sake of his life (see Acts 23:10, 29-30). Paul had no crime in which he would be condemned, but since great dissension has come among the people and the Jewish council, there was to be further interrogation in the sight of his accusers (Acts 23:30).

94. The Lord gives Paul reassurance that his desire to go to Rome is His will. When does Paul arrive in Rome?

Paul is eventually sent to Rome after his trials before Felix and then Festus. He might have been set free (Acts 26:32), but Paul had already appealed to Caesar (Acts 25:10-11). He finally arrives in Rome in Acts 28:16. The Lord said to Him that he will continue to bear witness in Jerusalem, and then he will be able to bear witness to Him in Rome (Acts 23:11). Appealing to Caesar guaranteed Paul to get out of prison in Palestine to go to Rome.

Acts 24:1-27

95. What was the reason Paul was being accused by the Jews? How often is this subject mentioned in the book of Acts?

He was creating dissention among the Jews, and also profaning the Temple, according to the Jews (Acts 24:5-6). There was no reason to accuse him of anything, since he did nothing wrong at all. This happened almost every time he was near Jews across the entire world (Damascus: Acts 9:23; Jerusalem: Acts 9:29; Antioch: Acts 13:45; Iconium: Acts 14:2, 5; Lystra [Jews from Iconium and Antioch]: Acts 14:19; Thessalonica: Acts 17:5ff; Berea [Jews from Thessalonica]: Acts 17:13; Corinth: Acts 18:6, 14-16; Greece [probably Corinth again]: Acts 20:3). Paul, nonetheless, begins in the synagogues of every city. He has a great love for the Jewish people as he displays in Romans 9:1-5. These people wrapped in their own traditions accuse Paul of things that did not happen because of their own envy. The Jewish council brings in Tertullus to speak for them who has nothing but empty rhetoric so that Paul might be eliminated.

96. How long was Paul in custody by Felix?

He was in custody for two years for a couple of reasons. Felix was disturbed at Paul’s message (Acts 24:25), he wanted to do the Jews a favor (Acts 24:27), and he waited for the possibility of Paul to give him a bribe for his release (Acts 24:26). Paul did not get much more attention until Festus succeeded Felix.

Acts 25:1-26:32

97. Why doesn’t Paul agree to the suggested change of venue by Festus (Acts 25:9-10)? Discuss Paul’s use of the laws of the state to his advantage.

If Paul would have consented, he might have been killed (Acts 25:3). It had been established that Paul had not wronged the Jews at all (see Acts 25:8, 10 among others). He wanted to settle this matter once for all by going to Caesar, to show that he is not an offender of any law (Acts 25:11). This also is how Paul saw God working in his life that he might go to Rome (Acts 23:11).

98. Notice again the point at which Paul was interrupted in his testimony. What is it about the resurrection that makes it so divisive?

The resurrection does not seem logical in the minds of most ‘reasonable’ people, especially in a culture of Greek philosophy. Festus thinks that Paul has become crazy because he believes this (Acts 26:24). Only the Pharisees believe in the resurrection among the Jewish scholars (Acts 23:8). Agrippa had knowledge of the Jewish customs (Acts 26:3, 27). True belief in God is questioned, though: Is God powerful enough to raise from the dead? (cf. Psalm 118:22, as quoted in Luke 20:17 and elsewhere).

Acts 27:1-28:16

99. Why would they think Paul was a murderer because he was bitten by a snake?

The native people thought that this incident was justice for whatever crime he had committed (Acts 28:4). Walvoord and Zuck say that this was done superstitiously (p. 429), and relate this to the incident in Acts 14:11ff.

Acts 28:17-31

100. What was Paul preaching in Rome? How does this relate to the beginning of the Book?

This was the furthest the Gospel had been spread within the book, and in Acts 1:8, with Jesus’ words to the disciples, we know that the Gospel was to begin in Jerusalem and then go out to the ends of the earth. He went to the Jews in Rome, and spoke to them first, as he always did in the other cities, and they were divided, as often times before. Though the Gospel does not go any farther within Acts, it is significant that the Gospel reached Rome. Rome was the center and capital of the world empire at that time.

101. Discuss Paul’s use of the Old Testament quotation as a warning against those Jews who would not believe.

This is a quote from Isaiah 6:9-10, when Isaiah is called to be a prophet. After God tells Isaiah this, he asks in return, how long? God answers from His throne, until the cities are laid to waste and the land is desolate. Just as in the days before the captivity of Judah to Babylon, these people are expecting a judgment that will come in A.D. 70. Because of the seemingly majority of the rejection of Israel, the entire course of history of the world changed (Acts 28:28). The book ends as Paul continues teaching, and no one is forbidding him (Acts 28:30).

Sources

Walvoord, John F. and Roy B. Zuck, eds. The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Sciptures by Dallas Seminary Faculty, New Testament. Colorado Springs: Chariot Victor, 1983.

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